The Framework for
Ethical Decision-making

In our personal, professional and organizational life, we often struggle with issues for which no "right" answer seems evident. In these situations, it is important to think through the many factors that are at stake. The purpose of reflecting explicitly from an ethics perspective is to move towards a resolution that is both respectful of the perspectives of all those involved in a case and grounded in a well-considered set of values.

1. Define the Issue(s).
Defining the issue or problem begins the very important process of reaching consensus regarding what the issue actually is.

2. Clarify the facts as much as possible.
Establish the facts of the issue (who, what, where, when, why, how).
Establish what we do not know.
Describe the relevant factors (social, economic, political, legal).

3. Indentify stakeholders and the various perspectives.

4. Analyze the values.
What values are being affirmed?
What values are being negated?

5. Identify alternatives courses of action in light of our values, mission and vision.
What are the options?
What are the pros and cons of each option, including doing nothing?

6. Make a decision.
What option best advances the Mission, Vision and Values?
Are there any contingency plans in case the decision does not have the intended outcomes or deals with possible conflicts?

7. Implement the decision.
Who will implement the decision?
How and when will the decision be communicated to all stakeholders?

8. Evaluate the decision.
Evaluate the decision. What is the right one?

Please click here to download PHC's Ethics Guide.